Introduction
MySQL is open-source relational database management server and mostly used in web-base technology and is owned by Oracle.
Prerequisites
- Ubuntu 18.04 LTS System
- SSH access with sudo privileges
- Firewall Port: 3306
New Features in MySQL 8.0
- Transnational Data Dictionary
- Atomic Data Definition Statement Support
- Enhanced Security and account management.
- Persistent runtime configuration
- Table encryption management
- MySQL’s JSON functionality Enhancements
- Support different types of indexes and Query Optimization
- Supports windows functions
- Handling client connections on multiple network interfaces
If you want to know detailed features of MySQL 8.0 , go through this link.
Step 1: Add/Install MySQL APT Repository
Ubuntu comes with default package repositories and it is now latest version, if we want to add/install latest repositories then we have to add/install package repositories.
Below are commands to add/download MySQL APT repository using command line,
# sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb
Output:
then, below command is to install above downloaded apt repository,
# sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb
when we run above command like below prompt will open, click on Ok.
Step 2: Update MySQL Repository and Install MySQL 8 on Ubuntu
Using above commands , we have downloaded apt repository and installed, next we have to update apt repository and install MySQL 8.0 using below commands,
# sudo apt-get update # sudo apt-get install mysql-server
Next, you’ll we prompted to enter MySQL root password to access database.
After entering password , it’s asks for password encryption feature and it is recommended, but here i am selecting Use Legecy Authentication Method.
after that, you will see output like below,
Step 3: Secure MySQL Installation
MySQL Server comes with a script mysql_secure_installation this can do multiple security related operations,
Run the below script on command prompt. you’ll first be need to enter the root password which you created during MySQL setup.
You will be asked to opt VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN or not. This enables we to test MySQL Passwords and improve security.
Next, you have to enter yes or No to below security features,
- Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
- Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
- Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
- Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
- Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
$ mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: No Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : No Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. All done!
Step 4: Login to MySQL Database
Use below command to login MySQL database
# mysql -u root -p
here , -u flags specifies User Name and -p flags specifies Password.
After entering password , we can see below welcome message,
Step 5: Start,Stop,Restart and Check Status of MySQL Service
To start MySQL Service
sudo systemctl start mysql.service
To stop MySQL Service
sudo systemctl stop mysql.service
To restart of MySQL Service
sudo systemctl restart mysql.service
To check status of MySQL Service
sudo systemctl status mysql.service
Troubleshooting:
Ubuntu/Debian apt-get “KEYEXPIRED: The following signatures were invalid”
How to Solve an Expired key (KEYEXPIRED) with apt
While updating apt packages if you are getting KEYEXPIRED message ( A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 )
use below command to check expired key lists,
$ sudo apt-key list | grep -A 1 expired
Output:
pub dsa1024 2003-02-03 [SCA] [expired: 2019-02-17] A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 uid [ expired] MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]> /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-archive.gpg ------------------------------------------------------ pub rsa4096 2012-05-11 [SC] 790B C727 7767 219C 42C8 6F93 3B4F E6AC C0B2 1F32 uid [ unknown] Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]> /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg
We can see the expired key list,
update the key:
use below command to update the key,
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 [KEY]
Output:
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.5R54mS1bQd/gpg.1.sh --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 8C718D3B5072E1F5 gpg: key 8C718D3B5072E1F5: 3 duplicate signatures removed gpg: key 8C718D3B5072E1F5: 99 signatures not checked due to missing keys gpg: key 8C718D3B5072E1F5: "MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>" 26 new signatures gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: new signatures: 26